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Characteristics of Living Organisms

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CHARACTERSTICS   OF   LIVING   ORGANISMS The living things show a number of characteristic by which they can be recognized easily. The properties shown by living organisms are grouped into two categories, general properties and the defining properties. The general characters mean they may be shown by non living things also. The defining property means it is exhibited by living beings only. Following are major characteristics of living organisms:- DEFINITE SHAPE AND SIZE : Every living being has a definite shape and size. eg .man, dog, fish, mango tree, maize, all have a definite shape. GROWTH : All living beings grow. It is defined as irreversible increase in mass and volume.It is internal in organisms. Non living things also grow but their growth is external and not metabolic. CELLULAR ORG ANIZATION :  All living things are made up of cells. They may be single cellular or multicellular but cell is the structural and functional unit of life. ...
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Female Reproductive System

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The human female reproductive system consists of  Two   ovaries  Two fallopian tubes  Uterus,  Vagina,  External genitalia or vulva Female accessory glands. (1) OVARY There is a pair of ovaries present in the abdominal region. They are attached with abdominal walls by an ovarian ligament called mesovarium. Each ovary is almond shaped, 2-4 cm long, 1-3 cm wide and abort 1 cm thick. It is attached to pelvic wall and uterus by ovarian ligament. Functions of Ovary The ovaries are primary sex organs.  They produce female gamete-egg. They also produxce some female hormones like progesterone. Anatomy of ovary: Anatomically each ovary is formed of 3 parts: Germinal epithelium Tunica albuginea Ovarion stroma Germinal epithelium: It is the outermost layer of the ovary.It is formed of squamous epithelium and cuboidal epithelium. It forms oogonia in the foetus. Tunica albuniea:  It is presen...
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Menstrual Cycle

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MENSTRUAL CYCLE The reproductive cycle of females is called the menstrual cycle. The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called menarche. This cycle is repeated at an average interval of 28 days. During this cycle various changes occur simultaneously in the ovary and the uterus. This cycle consists of four phases. Menstrual Phase or Bleeding Phase Follicular Phase (Proliferative Phase) Ovulatory Phase Luteal Phase or Secretary Phase Menstrual Phase or Bleeding Phase The cycle starts with the menstrual phase. This phase lasts for about 3 – 5 days. During this cycle bleeding occurs from the uterus of the females. The bleeding occurs due to breakdown of endometrial lining of the uterus and it’s blood vessels which form liquid that comes out through vagina. Menstruation occurs only if the fertilization does not occur. The decreased LH production causes degeneration of corpus luteum which results in degeneration of uterine endometrium and the cycle star...
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